Evaluation of Continuing Medical Education for General Practitioners in the West of Scotland

The 1990 Contract changes handed the choice of education to the consumer and changed the structure of postgraduate education without addressing quality. The market place ethos has encouraged the proliferation of courses especially from the pharmaceutical industry. The creation of a new financial incentive for continuing medical education (C.M.E.) has certainly encouraged attendance but below the glossy exterior of this learning package lurks many of the long-standing problems of education. General practitioners had strong negative feelings about the imposition of the contract changes. Although many had participated at C.M.E. courses, lecture style meetings remained popular. C.M.E. is now competing for time in a doctor's busy life and not only must the educational activity be worthwhile but the G.P.'s certainly made it clear that the timing of courses was important. Very few doctors had experience in practice based learning or distance learning. This was disappointing as this type of learning would be valuable for the single handed or rural doctors. Planning of future programmes should take these needs and preferences in timing into account. Course providers, as a group, have taken up their role purely as a result of their enthusiasm to do so. They tend to organise meetings on a topic which is of interest to them and at a time suitable to them rather than the consumer. Many of the meetings are in lecture style and use hospital speakers which is not the best combination to enhance learning. Providers need to have their contribution recognised with proper funding, training, protected time and secretarial back up. In its current form, attendance at courses does increase knowledge in the majority of attenders - but it could be better. Knowledge gain is greatest in disease management courses and in small group work. The initial level of an individual's knowledge may determine the potential value of that course to the doctor and therefore some form of pre course assessment may prove valuable. The level of knowledge gained at courses could be even higher if more active participation at meetings was encouraged. Doctors appeared to be more knowledgeable in health promotion and service management than disease management and therefore less value may be accrued from attendance at these types of meetings. Doubt must be cast on the value of dividing education into categories. Learning at courses is a very complex issue but it did appear to stimulate doctors to think about change but the influence was not great. Many of the intentions immediately post course fell by the wayside and never came to fruition. Doctors were most likely to change if the topics were relevant to them and this should be taken into account when planning and accrediting meetings. The changes found such as prescribing, advice to patients and referrals all impinged on patient care and therefore, if delivered properly, C.M.E. does have the potential to alter the quality of patient care. Few barriers to change were found. Many practices had decision making processes in place but despite this practice changes were few and were most likely to occur if linked in some way to practice income. If doctors are to be handed the responsibility to choose their education then they need to receive guidance in identifying their educational needs, assistance in developing a personal programme and direction in finding the most suitable activity which will be a catalyst for change and alter patient care. As it stands, education is haphazard and flawed. The Government has put a great deal of money into the new educational arrangements on the basis that it will ultimately improve patient care but evidence so far would suggest that they are getting a poor return on their investment. It would be more sensible to direct funds into improving the provision of education so that it is a more worthwhile and enjoyable feature of a doctor's personal and professional development. The West of Scotland is a large region with doctors working in a wide variety of circumstances. Many of the findings and the solutions found here would be applicable to other areas in the United Kingdom

Inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en el área personal social, en niños de 4 años, Institución Educativa Inicial N°322, Cajamarca-2023

En la indagación se planteó como objetivo determinar la relación entre la Inteligencia emocional y el rendimiento académico en el área de personal social en niños de 4 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 322, Cajamarca – 2023. En la metodología, el estudio fue de tipo básico, diseño no experimental, de nivel correlacional y enmarcado en el enfoque cuantitativo. Se trabajó con 80 niños de 4 años, para tal fin se aplicó dos fichas de observación previamente validadas y con alta confiabilidad. En el resultado un 36,3 % alcanza el nivel de proceso en la inteligencia emocional y en el rendimiento académico el 41,3% alcanza el nivel en proceso; al mismo tiempo es positiva y de grado alta según Rho= ,809. Se llegó a concluir que existe una correlación significativa entre la inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en el área de personal social; es decir, cuanto mejor se desarrollen la inteligencia emocional, mayor nivel de logro se alcanzará en los educandos de inicial, lo que demuestra que el control y la buena administración de la emociones ayudan a mejorar el nivel académico, permitiéndoles mejorar sus relaciones personales

La relación de la gestión administrativa con la calidad regulatoria para la satisfacción de la necesidad pública en la elaboración de regulaciones industriales del Ministerio de la Producción, durante el año 2020

La presente investigación denominada “La relación de la gestión administrativa con la calidad regulatoria para la satisfacción de la necesidad pública en la elaboración de regulaciones industriales del Ministerio de la Producción, durante el año 2020”, ha sido elaborada por los alumnos de Maestría en Gestión Pública de la Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Kelly Vanessa Ruiz Miranda y Diego Tirado Moya Méndez. En la mencionada [investigación] se plantea con el objetivo de determinar la relación de la gestión administrativa con la calidad regulatoria para la satisfacción de la necesidad pública, en la elaboración de regulaciones industriales del Ministerio de la Producción, durante el año 2020; lo cual se traduce en la emisión de regulaciones de calidad y con el nivel necesario para resolver la problemática existente en el sector producción. Para lo cual, se exponen puntos críticos en el Ministerio de la Producción debido a la falta de políticas y herramientas para la implementación y ejecución de normas de calidad que permitan desarrollar una gestión administrativa coherente y efectiva, con la finalidad de fortalecer la mejora de la calidad regulatoria. Según diversas opiniones internacionales y nacionales la gestión administrativa es un fin para garantizar que los servicios que se presten satisfagan la necesidad de los ciudadanos, y que estos se brinden con la calidad que amerite. Lo cual, contrastado con los resultados obtenidos de las entrevistas planteadas a funcionarios de la Dirección General de Políticas y Análisis Regulatorio del Ministerio de la Producción, nos permite conocer los aspectos procedimentales para la elaboración, propuesta y aprobación de regulaciones industriales en este sector. El desarrollo de esta investigación se justifica en la importancia de proporcionar aportes para la mejora de la gestión administrativa en la elaboración de regulaciones industriales para el aseguramiento de la calidad regulatoria y la satisfacción de la necesidad pública, generando valor público. Por lo que, resulta adecuado explorar los factores que estarían limitando el proceso en su implementación. Finalmente, cabe mencionar que, el presente trabajo de investigación ha sido elaborado con un enfoque cualitativo, con recopilación de información cualitativa; viéndose por conveniente que el alcance de la investigación sea de carácter descriptivo. En suma, al cierre de la investigación, no se evidenció la existencia de instrumentos de gestión administrativa con los que se cuenta en el sector industria del Ministerio de la Producción; evidenciándose la necesidad de plantear una propuesta de solución que sirva de guía y permita a los funcionarios públicos conocer la correcta gestión administrativa durante el proceso regulatorio.Escuela de Postgrad

Evaluación del desempeño de una metodología no tradicional para la medición del riesgo de mercado de un portafolio conservador diversificado en el mercado de valores colombiano

En la administración de riesgo, a partir de las diferentes crisis financieras, comenzó a ser indispensable la predicción del riesgo de mercado, con el fin de tener presente que las organizaciones e inversores en general contaran con una reserva que les permitiese amortiguar o mitigar los movimientos bruscos del propio mercado y así no tener consecuencias lamentables. Para esto, surgieron metodologías con soportes estadísticos y financieros que permiten la realización del cálculo aproximado de dicho valor en riesgo, algunas de estas llamadas tradicionales, que incluyen a la Simulación Histórica, Simulación Montecarlo, Risk Metrics, entre otras; las cuales se dividen entre paramétricas y no paramétricas..

Electron scattering on two-neutron halo nuclei: The case of 6^6He

The formalism to describe electron scattering reactions on two-neutron halo nuclei is developed. The halo nucleus is described as a three-body system (core+n+n), and the wave function is obtained by solving the Faddeev equations in coordinate space. We discuss elastic and quasielastic scattering using the impulse approximation to describe the reaction mechanism. We apply the method to investigate the case of electron scattering on $^6$He. Spectral functions, response functions, and differential cross sections are calculated for both neutron knockout and $\alpha$ knockout by the electron.Comment: 17 pages, figures include

Historia ambiental del cambio paisajístico que generó el sistema productivo de la caña de azúcar en los corregimientos de Guabas y Guabitas del municipio de Guacarí.

Se presenta el análisis de los conflictos ambientales en relación con el sistema productivo de la caña de azúcar como actor principal en la transformación del paisaje de los corregimientos de Guabas y Guabitas del municipio de Guacarí. La investigación como objetivo final es mostrar el cambio del paisaje desde 1941 a 2018, del mismo modo observar desde el aspecto social el conflicto que generó la caña de azúcar sobre las culturas como espacios sociales y prácticas de Pancoger que antes de la industrialización tenían. Este documento expresa una metodología enfocada en los resultados obtenidos a partir de los objetivos propuestos, se plantearon tres fases que dan cuenta de la transformación del paisaje desde narrativas hasta análisis de la información recopilada en las comunidades investigadas, dando respuesta a la hipótesis planteada en relación a la problemática de la reconfiguración del paisaje sobre los corregimientos mencionados, permitiendo identificar los impactos ambientales más significativos, consiguiente a ello la reconstrucción de la historia ambiental desde la perspectiva de la ingeniería ambiental.The analysis of environmental conflicts in relation to the productive system of sugarcane is presented as the main actor in the transformation of the landscape of the Guabas and Guabitas corregimientos of the Guacarí municipality. The research as a final objective is to show the change of the landscape from 1941 to 2018, in the same way to observe from the social aspect the conflict generated by the sugarcane on the cultures as social spaces and pancoger cultivation practices that before the industrialization had. This document expresses a methodology focused on the results obtained from the proposed objectives, three phases that account for the transformation of the landscape from narratives to analysis of the information collected in the communities investigated, responding to the hypothesis raised in relation to the problematic of the reconfiguration of the landscape on the corregimientos mentioned, allowing to identify the most significant environmental impacts, consequently the reconstruction of environmental history from the perspective of environmental engineering

Влияние марксизма на теорию и практику трудового воспитания А. С. Макаренко

<div><p>ABSTRACT</p><p><b>Background:</b> The systems-based management of laboratory test ordering and results handling is a known source of error in primary care settings worldwide. The consequences are wide-ranging for patients (e.g. avoidable harm or poor care experience), general practitioners (e.g. delayed clinical decision making and potential medico-legal implications) and the primary care organization (e.g. increased allocation of resources to problem-solve and dealing with complaints). Guidance is required to assist care teams to minimize associated risks and improve patient safety.</p><p><b>Objective:</b> To identify, develop and build expert consensus on ‘good practice’ guidance statements to inform the implementation of safe systems for ordering laboratory tests and managing results in European primary care settings.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Mixed methods studies were undertaken in the UK and Ireland, and the findings were triangulated to develop ‘good practice’ statements. Expert consensus was then sought on the findings at the wider European level via a Delphi group meeting during 2013.</p><p><b>Results:</b> We based consensus on 10 safety domains and developed 77 related ‘good practice’ statements (≥ 80% agreement levels) judged to be essential to creating safety and minimizing risks in laboratory test ordering and subsequent results handling systems in international primary care.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Guidance was developed for improving patient safety in this important area of primary care practice. We need to consider how this guidance can be made accessible to frontline care teams, utilized by clinical educators and improvement advisers, implemented by decision makers and evaluated to determine acceptability, feasibility and impacts on patient safety.</p></div

Relativistic mean field approximation to the analysis of 16O(e,e'p)15N data at |Q^2|\leq 0.4 (GeV/c)^2

We use the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation to analyze data on 16O(e,e'p)15N at |Q^2|\leq 0.4 (GeV/c)^2 that were obtained by different groups and seemed controversial. Results for differential cross-sections, response functions and A_TL asymmetry are discussed and compared to different sets of experimental data for proton knockout from p_{1/2} and p_{3/2} shells in 16O. We compare with a nonrelativistic approach to better identify relativistic effects. The present relativistic approach is found to accommodate most of the discrepancy between data from different groups, smoothing a long standing controversy.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures (eps). Major revision made. New figures added. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Quaiselastic scattering from relativistic bound nucleons: Transverse-Longitudinal response

Predictions for electron induced proton knockout from the $p_{1/2}$ and $p_{3/2}$ shells in $^{16}$O are presented using various approximations for the relativistic nucleonic current. Results for the differential cross section, transverse-longitudinal response ($R_{TL}$) and left-right asymmetry $A_{TL}$ are compared at $|Q^2|=0.8$ (GeV/c)$^2$ corresponding to TJNAF experiment 89-003. We show that there are important dynamical and kinematical relativistic effects which can be tested by experiment.Comment: 10 pages, including 2 figures. Removed preliminary experimental data from the figure